They can be found indoors year-round, and depending on the conditions, their lifespans can last 25 to 30 days. Appearance: Adult fruit flies are typically 3 to 4 mm long and appear to be brown or tan in color.
They usually have red eyes, but some fruit flies have darker eyes. They have a tan thorax with a black and grey abdomen. Fruit flies have six legs and are small and oval in shape with antennae. Habits: Fruit flies are attracted to and eat rotting food matter, especially fruits and vegetables, and any fermenting liquids, like beer, liquor and wine. They are also attracted to and sometimes breed in dark, moist and unsanitary environments like drains, garbage disposals and trash bins.
Fruit flies are able to reproduce very quickly, making them difficult to control. Female fruit flies can lay around eggs, which can hatch in as little as 24 hours. Similar to other fly species, fruit flies have a four-stage lifecycle, which can be completed in as little as a week in ideal conditions.
Threats: Not only are fruit flies a nuisance pest, but they are also capable of contaminating food with harmful bacteria and disease-causing pathogens, since they are typically found in unsanitary conditions, just like house flies. General Info: This type of fly likely received their common name because they are notorious pests of horses and other mammals. They are commonly found in both suburban and rural areas near bodies of water, which serve as breeding sites, and where mammal hosts are most abundant.
Appearance: Horse flies have a gray or blackish body and are 10 to 30 mm long. They usually have wings lacking dark areas, but some species have entirely dark wings. They have large eyes that are usually green or purple with horizontal stripes. Horse flies have six legs and are stout-bodied and without bristles. They also all have short antennae. Habits: Adult horse flies are fast, strong fliers and capable of flying for more than 30 miles, though they generally do not disperse widely.
They most often attack moving and dark objects. Horse flies often rest on paths and roads, especially in wooded areas, where they wait for potential hosts. Horse flies are attracted to light and will sometimes congregate at windows.
They are most evident on windless, hot and sunny days. Larvae develop in wet soil close to bodies of water. Female horse flies feed on blood aggressively, while males do not consume blood but rather feed on pollen and plant nectars.
Female bites can be painful because their mouthparts are used for tearing and lapping up blood, rather than just sucking like mosquitoes. Threats: Unlike the other kinds of flies, horse flies are not known to be vectors of disease or capable of transmitting harmful disease-causing bacteria.
Arista plumose. Wing veins: Costa with both humeral and subcostal breaks. Larvae are generally associated with rotting fruit or other organic matter such as slime, fungi, flowing sap, and rotting cacti, where they feed on micro-organisms especially yeast; some are leaf miners.
One species, Drosophila melanogaster , is one of the best studied animals in the world because it is the basis for most of our genetic knowledge. Small, bare, often brightly colored with yellow and black. Face flat, with bare arista and large and shiny ocellar triangular. These are very common flies that feed on a variety of items. Most are plant feeders and include pests of wheat and barley.
Others are decomposers and eat insect waste and decaying plants. Some form galls. Others prey on aphids or the eggs of insects and spiders. Larvae of one species in Australia live under the skin of frogs! Adults are common among grasses. Some are bothersome because of their attraction to the eyes and ears of people. Winged or wingless, with very characteristic body shape — flattened, stout and hairy.
All species suck blood, mostly from birds, but also from mammals. These flies have unusual life cycle; adults give birth to a single and developed larvae which feeds on internal milk glands in the uterus until it matures. The larva is then extruded, falls to the ground and immediately forms a puparium, from which it will emerge as an adult. Medium to large flies. Some species resemble honey, carpenter, or bumble bees; very hairy, but without bristles. Small, to to absent mouthparts. The larvae of all oestrids are parasites of mammals.
Different species develop and feed in monkeys, rodents, rabbits, elephants, rhinos, cattle, deer, antelopes, camels, sheep, hippos, and kangaroos. Larvae of most occur under the skin, but some are found in the gut or nasal passages. Very slender body. Meron without bristles. Under side of scutellum usually with fine pale or yellow hairs.
Larvae are mostly plant feeders and eat stems, roots, flowers, and leaves. Some live in burrows of solitary bees and wasps as well as rodent and tortoise burrows. A few are found along seashores where they feed on kelp and other algae; others are aquatic. Usually dull grey-brown, but color can vary. This is a huge group found everywhere and includes many pests. The house fly, Musca domestica , is found in all types of rotting material which it decomposes. Adults are known to carry diseases such as typhoid fever, dysentery, and anthrax.
The face fly, Musca autumnalis , is an important pest of cattle. Biting muscid flies both sexes bite include the stable, horn, and tse-tse flies; the latter vectors sleeping sickness in Africa. About the size of a house fly Muscidae. Body usually metallic blue, green, or bronze. Head: palps orange yellow. Antennae with feathery arista. Meron with row of bristles.
Subscutellum absent. Notopleuron with only 2 bristles. Most species are scavengers and are and decompose carrion, dung, or other rich organic matter. Many spread disease, especially dysentery. Some species lay their eggs in the open sores of animals and humans where the larvae feed on dead tissue. Even though they can carry diseases, larvae can also be beneficial; they can secrete a chemical allantoin that promotes healing—sterile maggots have been used as a surgical tool to clean out deep wounds.
Larger than a house fly Muscidae and usually hairy. Thorax with three conspicuous black stripes on a gray background. Abdomen pale and checkered. Notopleuron usually with 3 or 4 bristles. Adults feed on nectar, sap, honeydew, etc. Maggots are usually found in decaying animal material, especially carrion. Host Material: The larvae feed on fungus growing in the soil and moist organic matter.
Management Methods: Chemical and Traps Methods: Residual and contact sprays; baits, traps Remove contaminated soil, breeding sites. Management Methods: Pyrethrum contact and fogging sprays Sanitation and habitat destruction.
Identifying Characteristics: Superficially resemble fruit flies, but are more humpbacked. Management Methods : Residual and contact sprays, drain treatment with microbes Sanitation, habitat destruction, and moisture control. Management Methods : Residual and contact sprays,drain treatment with microbes Sanitation, habitat destruction, and moisture control.
Management Methods : Residual and contact sprays, traps Sanitation, habitat destruction, and moisture control. Identifying Characteristics: Superficially resemble house fly but is slightly larger and more sluggish in its movements. Host Material: They are parasites of earthworms and breed outdoors in lawns and fields. Management Methods : Residual and contact sprays Screen and caulk around eaves, windows, etc. Fly Light Traps.
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