When I build responsive websites, I always start by creating a non-responsive layout, fixed at the default size. For example, CatsWhoCode. According to the W3C site , media queries consists of a media type and zero or more expressions that check for the conditions of particular media features. By using media queries, presentations can be tailored to a specific range of output devices without changing the content itself.
In other words, media queries allow your website to look good on all kinds of displays, from smartphones to big screens. This is what is called responsive web design. However, the code below is a good starting point for most websites. In this example, primary is the main content area, and secondary the sidebar.
By having a look at the code, you can see that I defined two sizes: The first have a maximum width of px and is optimized for tablet landscape display. The second size is designed for tablet portrait and smaller sizes. Paste it on your site. I hope these tools and techniques are helpful! Not only will our website users benefit from a versatile design but also search engines will rank our web pages higher.
If you read this far, tweet to the author to show them you care. Tweet a thanks. Learn to code for free. Get started. Forum Donate. Adam Henson. In this post I'll cover the following: What is responsive web design? The viewport meta tag and what it does Effective techniques used in responsive web design to accommodate mobile and tablet devices Tools to help simulate and monitor mobile and tablet user experience What is Responsive Web Design?
Some of these include: network connection screen size type of interaction touch screens, track pads graphic resolution. The Viewport Meta Tag to Identify a Mobile Website The meta viewport tag instructs the browser how to adjust the page to the width of each device. What is Flexbox? In the below example we combine media queries as explained above to create a responsive grid.
Style for mobile first. We set the main element to flex-wrap: wrap which allows child elements to wrap within our flexbox layout as illustrated below in figure 1. Style for larger devices like tablets and desktop. We utilize a media query similar to our example in the previous section to set our container main element to flex-wrap: nowrap. This makes sure that child elements do not wrap and that they maintain a column within a row type of layout. In this example the magic would appear in larger devices with our combined media query and flexbox rules.
Because we defined display: flex , and because we didn't override the rule within the media query, we have a flexbox layout for mobile, tablet, and desktop. In the past, to achieve this column type of layout, we would need to do some serious heavy lifting and write tangles of CSS. Figure 1: Mobile flexbox grid example Figure 2: Desktop flexbox grid example Flexbox provides a great way of achieving varying, fluid layouts. Therefore you should never set text using viewport units alone.
There is a solution, and it involves using calc. If you add the vw unit to a value set using a fixed size such as em s or rem s then the text will still be zoomable. Essentially, the vw unit adds on top of that zoomed value:. This means that we only need to specify the font size for the heading once, rather than set it up for mobile and redefine it in the media queries.
The font then gradually increases as you increase the size of the viewport. Note: See an example of this in action: example , source code. This meta tag exists because when the original iPhone launched and people started to view websites on a small phone screen, most sites were not mobile optimized. The mobile browser would, therefore, set the viewport width to pixels, render the page at that width, and show the result as a zoomed-out version of the desktop layout.
Other mobile browsers e. Users could zoom in and pan around the website to view the bits they were interested in, but it looked bad. You will still see this today if you have the misfortune to come across a site that does not have a responsive design. The trouble is that your responsive design with breakpoints and media queries won't work as intended on mobile browsers.
If you've got a narrow screen layout that kicks in at px viewport width or less, and the viewport is set at px, you'll never see your narrow screen layout on mobile. So you should always include the above line of HTML in the head of your documents. There are other settings you can use with the viewport meta tag, however in general the above line is what you will want to use. You should avoid using minimum-scale , maximum-scale , and in particular setting user-scalable to no.
Users should be allowed to zoom as much or as little as they need to; preventing this causes accessibility problems. Note: There was a CSS rule designed to replace the viewport meta tag — viewport — however, the rule failed to gain traction and has been deprecated.
Responsive design refers to a site or application design that responds to the environment in which it is viewed. Consider the sites that you visit on your phone — it is probably fairly unusual to come across a site that is the desktop version scaled down, or where you need to scroll sideways to find things. This is because the web has moved to this approach of designing responsively.
It has also become much easier to achieve responsive designs with the help of the layout methods you have learned in these lessons. If you are new to web development today you have many more tools at your disposal than in the early days of responsive design.
It is therefore worth checking the age of any materials you are referencing. While the historical articles are still useful, modern use of CSS and HTML makes it far easier to create elegant and useful designs, no matter what device your visitor views the site with.
Previous Overview: CSS layout Next In the early days of web design, pages were built to target a particular screen size.
Objective: To understand the fundamental concepts and history of responsive design. At one point in history you had two options when designing a website: You could create a liquid site, which would stretch to fill the browser window or a fixed width site, which would be a fixed size in pixels. The first was the idea of fluid grids, something which was already being explored by Gillenwater, and can be read up on in Marcotte's article, Fluid Grids published in on A List Apart.
Or you may simply want a design that better matches your specific needs or company branding. Well, you can always hire someone to create something custom for you! A web design company like WebFX has experience designing responsive sites.
In fact, all the websites we create are responsive right out of the box! You can also try hiring a freelancer to redesign your site, but make sure to check their references as this is an advanced job.
Designing responsive websites requires a strong background in web design. This is not an area where you want to cut corners on price. Make room in your budget to pay for someone to do a thorough job so you do not have to revisit this issue again six months down the line. Screens continue to evolve, and your website needs to meet the needs of every browser no matter what device they use. No matter what new thing comes along, your site will be prepared.
That will not only save your sanity and preserve your budget—it will also keep your visitors happy. We do much more than just responsive web design and can provide you with everything from SEO to email marketing. We can't wait to hear from you! Call or contact us online today for a free evaluation.
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